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Garcia, Jose I RedondoAuthorMagana, Eva Z HernandezAuthor

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November 19, 2024
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A Novel Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Plexus Block: A Cadaveric Canine Study

Publicated to: Animals. 14 (21): 3094- - 2024-11-01 14(21), DOI: 10.3390/ani14213094

Authors: Pérrez, AC; García, JIR; Magaña, EZH; Albinaña, AM; Sánchez, MDMS; Ráfales, CB; Otero, PE; Fernández, AG; Viscasillas, J

Affiliations

Hosp AniCura Indautxu, San Mames Zumarkalea 36-38, Bilbao 48010, Spain - Author
Hosp Vet AniCura Aitana, C Xirivella 16, Valencia 46920, Spain - Author
Hosp Vet AniCura Valencia Sur, Avda Picassent 28, Silla 46460, Spain - Author
London Vet Specialists, 56 Belsize Lane, London MW3 5AR, England - Author
Univ Buenos Aires, Fac Ciencias Vet, Dept Anesthesiol & Pain Management, C1417DSE, Buenos Aires, Argentina - Author
Univ CEU Cardenal Herrera, Dept Med & Cirugia Anim, C Tirant Blanc 7, Valencia 46115, Spain - Author
Univ Zaragoza, Fac Vet Med, Dept Anim Pathol, C Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain - Author
Univ Zaragoza, Inst Univ Invest Mixto Agroalimentario Aragon IA2, C Miguel Servet 177, Zaragoza 50013, Spain - Author
Vall Dhebron Hosp Univ, Vall Dhebron Barcelona Hosp Campus, Vall Dhebron Inst Recerca VHIR, Expt Surg Unit ESU, Passeig Vall Dhebron 119-129, Barcelona 08035, Spain - Author
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Abstract

The ultrasound-guided cervical plexus plane (US-CPP) block has proven effective in humans; yet its application in dogs remains unexplored. This study aimed to describe a novel US-CPP approach in canines. A local sonoanatomy was mapped, the injection technique was tested, and a gross anatomical dissection (GAD) was performed on one cadaver. The bilateral injectate spread and nerve staining were then evaluated via a CT scan and GAD in the six cadavers. The transducer was aligned parallel to the cervical spine, caudal to the atlas. After identifying the cleidocervical and omotransversarius muscles and the C2-C3 interfascial plane, a spinal needle was inserted in-plane, and 0.15 mL/kg of a dye-contrast solution was injected. CT imaging showed the contrast reaching the C1, C2, and C3 vertebral bodies in 3 out of 12 (3/12), 11/12, and 12/12 injections, respectively, and the C4, C5, and C6 vertebrae in 8/12, 5/12, and 1/12 injections, respectively. No contrast was detected in the epidural space. The C1, C2, C3, C4, and C5 nerves were stained in 3/12, 10/12, 8/12, 2/12, and 0/12 injections, respectively. No significant differences were observed between the groups (p > 0.05). A single US-CPP injection successfully stained the C2 and C3 nerves, indicating the potential clinical applicability, although the injected volume rarely reached C4 and C5.

Keywords

Cervical nervesCervical plexus blockDogInjectionInterfascial blockRegional anesthesiRegional anesthesiaSpinae plane blockSpreadVolumes

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Animals due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2024 there are still no calculated indicators, but in 2023, it was in position 21/170, thus managing to position itself as a Q1 (Primer Cuartil), in the category Veterinary Sciences.

Independientemente del impacto esperado determinado por el canal de difusión, es importante destacar el impacto real observado de la propia aportación.

Según las diferentes agencias de indexación, el número de citas acumuladas por esta publicación hasta la fecha 2025-12-14:

  • Scopus: 2

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-12-14:

  • The use, from an academic perspective evidenced by the Altmetric agency indicator referring to aggregations made by the personal bibliographic manager Mendeley, gives us a total of: 9.
  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 8 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

  • The Total Score from Altmetric: 2.
  • The number of mentions on the social network Facebook: 1 (Altmetric).
  • The number of mentions on the social network X (formerly Twitter): 3 (Altmetric).

It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

  • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

Leadership analysis of institutional authors

This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Argentina; Iran; United Kingdom.