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This research was funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033 and European Union-NextGenerationEU/PRTR, with grant number TED2021-130685B-I00.

Analysis of institutional authors

Gonzalez-Bulnes, AntonioAuthor

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March 13, 2025
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Towards the Measurement of Acute-Phase Proteins in Saliva in Farm Conditions: Development and Validation of a Lateral Flow Assay for the Measurement of C-Reactive Protein in Pigs

Publicated to:Chemosensors (Basel). 13 (2): 44- - 2025-02-01 13(2), DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors13020044

Authors: Tecles, F; Tvarijonaviciute, A; Cavalera, S; Di Nardo, F; Baggiani, C; Cerón, JJ; González-Bulnes, A; Goyena, ME; Martínez-Subiela, S; Franco-Martínez, L; Anfossi, L

Affiliations

CEU Univ, Univ Cardenal Herrera CEU, Fac Vet, Dept Prod & Sanidad Anim, C-Tirant Blanc 7, Valencia 46115, Spain - Author
Cuarte SL Grp Jorge, Ctra Logrono,Km 9,2, Zaragoza 50120, Spain - Author
Univ Murcia, Vet Sch, Dept Anat & Anat Patol, Reg Campus Int Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus Espinardo S-N, Murcia 30100, Spain - Author
Univ Murcia, Vet Sch, Interdisciplinary Lab Clin Anal Interlab UMU, Reg Campus Int Excellence Campus Mare Nostrum, Campus Espinardo S-N, Murcia 30100, Spain - Author
Univ Turin, Dept Chem, Via Giuria 7, I-10125 Turin, Italy - Author
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Abstract

Point-of-care diagnostic tests, such as lateral-flow immunoassay (LFIA), have emerged as a fast diagnostic tool in both human and veterinary medicine. In this paper, a gold nanoparticle-based LFIA device was developed for the measurement of C-reactive protein (CRP) in porcine saliva, using a monoclonal anti-porcine CRP antibody. The dilution ratio for the saliva samples was optimized at 1:5 with an assay buffer. The reaction time was optimized to 20 min, since this provided a positive signal with high CRP concentration saliva samples, but a negative result with an assay buffer or samples with a low CRP concentration. Linear results were observed when two samples with a high CRP concentration were serially diluted. Also, a linear relationship was observed with a validated quantitative method. The assay was precise when samples with high CRP concentration were measured five times in a single assay run. No overlap was observed when samples from healthy and diseased animals were analyzed. The LFIA allowed the detection of high CRP concentrations in porcine saliva samples. The intensity of the result was proportional to the CRP concentration obtained with the quantitative method, allowing for the possible use of the test for semiquantitative purposes.

Keywords

C-reactive proteinLateral flowPiPigSaliva

Quality index

Bibliometric impact. Analysis of the contribution and dissemination channel

The work has been published in the journal Chemosensors (Basel) due to its progression and the good impact it has achieved in recent years, according to the agency WoS (JCR), it has become a reference in its field. In the year of publication of the work, 2025, it was in position 21/79, thus managing to position itself as a Q2 (Segundo Cuartil), in the category Instruments & Instrumentation. Notably, the journal is positioned en el Cuartil Q2 para la agencia Scopus (SJR) en la categoría .

Impact and social visibility

From the perspective of influence or social adoption, and based on metrics associated with mentions and interactions provided by agencies specializing in calculating the so-called "Alternative or Social Metrics," we can highlight as of 2025-11-06:

  • The use of this contribution in bookmarks, code forks, additions to favorite lists for recurrent reading, as well as general views, indicates that someone is using the publication as a basis for their current work. This may be a notable indicator of future more formal and academic citations. This claim is supported by the result of the "Capture" indicator, which yields a total of: 4 (PlumX).

With a more dissemination-oriented intent and targeting more general audiences, we can observe other more global scores such as:

    It is essential to present evidence supporting full alignment with institutional principles and guidelines on Open Science and the Conservation and Dissemination of Intellectual Heritage. A clear example of this is:

    • The work has been submitted to a journal whose editorial policy allows open Open Access publication.

    Leadership analysis of institutional authors

    This work has been carried out with international collaboration, specifically with researchers from: Italy.